Types of perm for long hair. Chic perms for medium hair (50 photos) - The best options for stunning curls. Children's perm

Perm is a procedure for creating curls and waves as a result of the destruction of keratin in the hair structure by aggressive chemicals, and then fixing the curl with a special fixative. Today there are different types of hair perms.

But the health of the curls suffers. Therefore, in order for the hairstyle to last as long as possible, it is important to select the appropriate type of composition and properly care for it. Read more about this in this article.

Read in this article

Modern types of hair perm

All people have different types of hair. Some people have thin and soft strands, others have hard and heavy ones. Therefore, over time, hairdressers came up with different compositions for perm. Moreover, each of them can create special curls. There are the following types of hair perm.

Acidic

To carry out this method of winding, thioglycolic and mercaptoacetic acid are used. They penetrate deeply into the shaft, thus changing its structure and making it pliable for curling. With the help of acid chemistry, the effect can last for several months.

But it has serious shortcomings. During the procedure, the smell is very strong, and the curls are quite tough. But acid perm does not damage them so much.

With amino acids

Curl hair using amino acids and proteins. As a result, the curls are not damaged; on the contrary, they are treated and improve their appearance. Curls look natural. But you should not do such chemical treatment on heavy and long hair, as the curls quickly unwind.

Curls with amino acids and proteins

Alkaline

The perm mixture consists of ammonium and glycolic acid. She is quite aggressive and dangerous. This method is performed using soft tampons soaked in a chemical composition. The strands are curled and held for 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the length and stiffness of the curls.

Alkaline perm has many disadvantages, the main ones being fragility and dullness of the hair. Even the follicles become fragile. With improper care, severe hair loss can begin, so it is done in extreme cases.

Neutral

In this case, substances with a low pH are used, an indicator of 7.4, which allows minimal damage to the hair. Allantoin is used as an additional component, which softens the stratum corneum and accelerates regeneration. The rod does not swell much, so the strands do not receive much stress. Therefore, hair improves its appearance faster, and the functioning of the sebaceous glands is normalized. The effect of the procedure is lasting, and the curls are well-groomed.

Chemical biowave

This type is considered the safest. The composition does not contain any aggressive or harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, only glycolic acid and cysteamine. Both components are related to the human body. The fixative and reducer also contain vitamins, keratins, sea minerals, and sometimes oils.

Watch the video about biochemical perm:

It turns out that the hair changes its shape without being damaged. Curls look well-groomed and natural, lasting up to six months. And I’ve had curly hair for almost a year. By the way, for such chemistry, curlers and curlers of different sizes and diameters are used.

Silk wave

The curling product contains silk proteins. This type is considered the most modern, which further improves the condition of the hair. Most often it is used for bleached ones. Plus, the composition is enriched with collagen and raffinose, that is, carbohydrates that retain moisture and strengthen the curl shaft. It is best to use this method on thin hair of short or medium length so that it does not straighten under its own weight.

Carving

Types of hair perm include another new method called curling. It is placed in a special category, since it contains no aggressive substances. This is more of a long-term hair styling. The drug contains vitamins and kartinine. You can twist your hair into small curls, create vertical curls or casual beach strands.

The effect lasts for a maximum of a couple of months, and when it wears off, the curls slowly straighten themselves, leaving no traces of processing. Accordingly, this styling method is not suitable for coarse, long and thick hair. They quickly straighten themselves under their own weight. But for oily hair, this is a real godsend, as it dries out and gets dirty less.

Japanese method

This is an alkali-free curling method that uses cysteine, matrix and betaine. All these substances are found in keratinized hair particles. Cysteine ​​is a special amino acid with sulfur, which is a strong antioxidant. Betaine moisturizes, softens and strengthens hair. The matrix promotes follicle growth, making curls smooth and shiny.

After the procedure, you can get large curls. The curls last no more than 3 - 4 weeks.

Other options for winding strands

Modern types of hair perm include not only the type of preparation, but also the method of curling the strands. Because the final result depends on how the strand is attached to the bobbin. The master chooses a method depending on the condition of the hair, its type, and the shape of the face. Winding techniques are:

• The American method involves placing the curlers perpendicular to the central parting. The result is very natural and suits people with large facial features.
• Anti-chemistry is used for curly hair or to remove excess hair after chemical treatment. Curls are constantly combed while the drug is in effect.
• Using the wellaformer, you can create natural curls in the style of beach waves. To do this, use a special bag into which the curls are inserted.
• Vertical method more often used for long hair. Special spiral curlers are suitable for this. In this case, the bobbin is located parallel to the strand of hair, and it is wound from the roots to the ends. However, as it grows out, the transition from straight to curly is very abrupt.

Vertical winding method

• Horizontal method is used most often. The bobbins are placed perpendicular to the roots. The strand is wound from tip to base.
• The double method of curling hair is used for long hair. Small diameter bobbins are used at the roots.

Horizontal winding method

• Only at the ends are cascade or thin sparse curls curled on the haircut. This way the effect lasts longer and looks more natural.
• Root is intended for correcting overgrown curls or on short hair to add volume to the hairstyle.
• Trapezoidal is used to create curly strands near the face without touching the crown. The result is a retro style hairstyle.

Which curl is suitable depending on the length

When choosing the type of preparation and winding technique, it is important to take into account the initial length, type and condition. Perm hair for different types of curls will give excellent results.

For short hair

The strands should be as healthy as possible, since damaged ends will fluff and spoil the look. But on the other hand, no special styling is required, just tousle your hair with your hands and cover it with foam or varnish.

It is important to remember that after chemotherapy the length decreases even more. Hair can jump by almost 5 - 6 cm. Therefore, the hairstyle can become even shorter than the original haircut. Types of perms for short hair can be as follows:

• acidic if the strands are hard and thick;
• alkaline for the naughty;
• neutral for all hair types;
• biowave, as it is less traumatic for short curls;
• horizontal;
• basal.

For medium curls

This length is the simplest and most versatile. Large and light waves are suitable for it. They create a romantic and natural look. The following types of perm are suitable for medium hair:

• acidic and with amino acids;
• alkaline;
• silk;
• American way;
• vellaformer;
• trapezoidal.

For long hair

This type of hair is the most difficult to perm. Even if they are not rigid and heavy, they still begin to straighten much faster under their own weight. The types in this case come down to the method of curling with curlers. Last the longest:

• American spirals;
• double wrap;
• curled ends if the strands are thin and light;
• vertical, creating a wet effect.

Curls for fine hair

This type is both good and bad for chemical styling. The curls easily curl into curls, but also quickly lose their shape. Professionals for fine hair often use the following modern types of perm:

• alkaline;
• neutral;
• silk and biowave;
• curling only the ends.

Expert opinion

Tatyana Somoilova

Cosmetology expert

To add volume to your hair, you can apply root chemicals. It’s better to avoid acidic ones, since the curls stretch at the roots during curling, so the curls don’t hold on.

Large curls

This hairstyle is the most versatile. It can be made for various occasions and events, both for work and for celebrations. In addition, large curls suit almost everyone. They make the image feminine, light and moderately sexy. Suitable for large curls:

• Acidic or alkaline, which allows you to create elastic curls.
• Silk and biochemistry are gentle on the hair, but the curls are soft and fade quickly.

To get smooth waves, in this case, curlers or large curlers are used. Small and spiral-shaped bobbins are not used.

But before going to the master you should know that:

• If your hair is thin and dry, then after the procedure it will become tangled and break even more. You will have to acquire a whole arsenal of care products.
• The unpleasant chemical smell persists for more than a week. You can get rid of it if you add drops of essential oils, lavender, and lemon juice when rinsing.
• When styling with a hairdryer, you need to turn on only cold air for the first time.
• To prevent hair loss, you should drink vitamin complexes before and after the procedure.
• It's better not to touch the bangs.
• All types of hair perm preparations are harmful.
• After skin restoration, dandruff may appear.
• After a while, the ends of your hair will begin to split heavily.

It is also important to remember that a perm requires correction as the roots grow straight. This may look unsightly and sloppy, especially if the curls were tight and bouncy.

Watch the video about whether you should get a perm:

How to do a perm at home

Finding an experienced specialist can be difficult, and the prices for the procedure are steep. Therefore, some girls prefer to do chemistry at home. This is possible, you just need to consider the following points:

• You should choose proven and high-quality products. These include products from Estel Professional, Schwarzkopf, Matrix, Paul Mitchell, GOLDWELL.
• Bobbins and curlers must be of the highest quality so that they do not react with chemicals. It is also important to consider their number and diameter. For short hair you need small and medium about 40 pieces, for medium length - about 30, and for long hair - 20 - 30. The longer the hair, the larger the diameter is suitable.
• You need to keep the drug for exactly as long as indicated in the instructions.

The sequence of home perm is as follows:

• The composition is applied to the strands and distributed evenly. While the hair is wet, curl the curlers quickly.
• After the drug's effect has expired (without rinsing off!), apply a neutralizer and leave for the prescribed period, as indicated in the instructions.
• After removing the curlers, you should not comb your hair. You may need to wash off the composition.
• You cannot dye your hair, dry it, or style it for several days.

Restoration and treatment of curls after the procedure

In order for your hair to maintain a healthy appearance and keep its shape for as long as possible, it is important to properly care for it afterwards. To do this you need:

• Apply honey masks to your curls and treat the ends with aloe juice.
• Burdock and castor oils work well, as well as special products from professional care lines.
• Regularly do restorative salon procedures, especially if the chemistry is constant.
• You cannot dye your hair after the procedure. Henna is especially harmful. It is better to do this before perm.

High-quality curling adds volume and shape. The hairstyle is already half done, so morning styling becomes much easier. You can create playful and mischievous curls, romantic curls and sexy waves. It is also easy to disguise various imperfections in the shape and size of the head.

It is not difficult to decide on a perm, but after the decision comes the moment of choosing the type of hairstyle, as well as the type of means for carrying out the manipulations. A detailed description will help you understand what hair chemicals are available and learn about their classification and characteristics.

Women's hair stories vary. Some cherish naturalness, do not dye their hair, do not manipulate it, while others are happy to succumb to the provocations of hairdressers and sign up for sessions to improve their appearance. Manufacturers, taking care of each listed category, have created different types of hair chemicals to satisfy the needs.

The type of curls is selected upon request based on the structure of the face, lifestyle, as well as the length and density of the curls. Hairdressers offer the use of different-sized bobbins, curlers, rollers or boomerangs. To create a unique image, the simultaneous use of 2-3 types of curling devices is allowed. This guarantees a non-trivial hairstyle.

Choosing a composition is a complex process that requires the knowledge and experience of a master. Therefore, it is recommended to contact only a professional hairdresser who will help you decide.

It is advisable to have an understanding of curling products; this will help you remain a participant in the procedure, and not a mute observer.

Acid chemistry

Perm performed with acid-based products has gained recognition and popularity due to the durability of the result; it keeps curls tight for up to six months. Acid chemistry cannot be called 100% safe; during manipulation, the hair experiences stress and its strength characteristics decrease. However, it is worth noting that the composition, penetrating inside the hair shaft, does not deform the cuticle, which helps maintain the shine and softness of the strands.

The formation of curls occurs under the influence of glyceryl monothioglycolate, its pH fluctuates between 7 and 7.2. The active component is “switched on” to work using heat treatment of the wound strands. The increased temperature enhances the penetrating properties of glyceryl, ensuring the creation of strong, tight curls.

Manufacturers note that acid solutions do not cause swelling of the hair cuticles, but their use is limited. It is forbidden to use this type of hair that is dry or brittle. The components of the composition negatively affect hair of this type, stretching it along its length, which enhances the negative characteristics of curls.

Alkaline hair curling

For alkaline chemistry, products with a pH level between 8 and 9.5 are used. This type of perm is considered an effective way to tame unruly hair, guaranteeing neat, bouncy curls for 3 months.

During curling, after applying the solution to the curls, ammonium thioglycolate penetrates into the hair, opening the cuticles. This allows you to model curls quickly and efficiently. In this case, exposure to high temperatures is not required; the components act independently on the hair. However, it is worth remembering that when using alkaline chemistry, you must adhere to the time frame specified by the manufacturer in the instructions for use. Violation of the specified exposure time leads to deterioration of the hair condition, as well as burns to the scalp.

Alkaline curling is classified as gentle, but this is a disadvantage. It is not able to provide lasting results on overly straight or hard strands. On such hair, the curls are soft and unwind in 1-2 months.

Like other types of perms, alkaline perm requires strict adherence to the instructions, as well as the technology. An inexperienced master is unable to control the level of curl tension, which plays a major role during the procedure. The alkali promotes the swelling of each hair, which leads to an increase in the volume of the strand on the bobbin or curler. If the curl is twisted too tightly, this leads to destruction of the distribution of the solution, which entails uneven curling, as well as destruction of the structure and fragility.

If the conditions are correctly met, the procedure using alkaline solutions gives the effect of naturalness and naturalness of curls.

Perming your hair is an ideal way to radically change your appearance and give your hair incredible volume.

Preparation for the procedure

To make curling your hair safe, prepare your strands for the upcoming procedure. Preparation consists of six important steps.

Stage 1. Assessment of hair structure (elasticity, strength, type, density). It is carried out in order to choose the type of perm.

• For thick hair, you will need the strongest hold product, since it is very difficult to curl it;
• Thin sparse strands curl easily - for them you need to choose a weaker preparation;
• Hair with low elasticity can stretch greatly and will not be able to return to its original form. Chemistry is contraindicated for them;
• Hair that is too dry should also not be twisted - it will tear and break.

Stage 2. Scalp analysis. For wounds, injuries and diseases associated with the scalp, it is better to forget about perming.

Stage 3. Sensitivity test. To do this, saturate a cotton sponge with curling compound and lubricate the area behind your ear with it. Wait 10 minutes. If there is no redness, rashes, or irritation, proceed to curling. If problems arise, quickly wipe the skin with hydrogen peroxide. Chemistry is contraindicated for you.

Stage 4. Checking the hair for the fixative. This is necessary in order to determine the dose and concentration of the drug. Take a small strand, moisten it with the preparation and leave for 5 minutes. Check the hair for breakage. If it remains strong, the strands can be curled. If it looks like tow and breaks easily, make the solution weaker.

Stage 5. Washing your hair. The shampoo will loosen the scales and improve the result.

Stage 6. Hair cutting. It can be done before or after curling to refresh the ends and give your hair shape.

Important! Before the procedure, do not forget to remove gold jewelry and glasses, and also protect your skin from chemicals.

Types of hair chemistry

Modern perm can be divided into types according to the chemical applied to the strands.

Neutral

This gentle perm is considered universal, as it is suitable for everyone. The curl is strong and elastic, the result lasts from 3 to 6 months and directly depends on the structure of the hair.

Acidic

A special fixative based on thioglycolic acid penetrates into the hair, but does not spoil its structure, as it is considered gentle. As a result, we get a fairly hard curl - it lasts for one month. This method is not suitable for thin and soft strands - they will lose their shape and stretch at the roots. The same applies to girls with sensitive skin types and dry hair.

Alkaline

With the alkaline type of curling, the fixative penetrates inside and opens the scales. The result is more lasting - it will last on the hair for about 90 days. Gives bouncy curls, looks natural, and is much softer than the previous option. But on heavy, stiff strands the result will not be lasting - after about a month the curl will lose its shape. Cheaper in cost than acid perm.

Amino acid

The fixative contains amino acids and proteins that heal and nourish the hair. Amino acid “chemistry” does not harm the health of the strands. The curls look natural, but, alas, are short-lived. This “chemistry” is not suitable for coarse and long strands - under such heavy weight, curls will quickly develop.

Biowave

You will not find any aggressive components in the composition. They are replaced with another product similar to the hair molecule. Biowave gives a beautiful natural shine and a very lasting result.

Basal

This is an ideal way to give your hair fullness by fixing the volume for several weeks or even months at once (it all depends on the fixative). Also, root chemistry is suitable for those whose hair has previously been permed, but has managed to grow back.

Silk

This drug contains silk proteins. They care for hair and improve its structure. Even damaged hair becomes healthier. The curl comes out very soft and lasts up to six months. The price is much more expensive than other options.

American

It is in great demand among modern fashionistas. Allows you to get an elastic and large curl. This type of curl requires extra large curlers - these are Olivia Garden. They are attached to each other using sharp teeth. Curlers of this type do not leave creases and give lush curls.

Small or African

Recommended for women with thin and sparse hair. It is often performed on medium-length hair. But we advise especially brave ladies to take a risk - African chemistry for short hair will definitely help you with this. The silhouette will be spherical, and the volume will be incredible! The only drawback is that it will be very difficult to take care of your hair, and it will be almost impossible to do a new style. For “chemistry” in an Afro-style, you need either curlers or small spirals. This process will take about 5 hours and can only be done in the salon.

Japanese

It is also called lipid-protein (LC2). Compared to the previous one, the Japanese one lasts longer and provides greater benefits. It is completely safe due to its neutral pH and normalizes the moisture content of too dry hair. With this perm you can get elastic and voluminous curls that will last from 2 to 6 months.

Carving

Perm for medium, short (no more than 20 cm) and sparse strands. Makes hair more voluminous and curls soft and natural. Visually lifts hair at the roots and also refreshes the image. Carving works only on the surface of the hair, without causing harm to it, as with the classic type. If your hair is thick, take large bobbins - large curls will help create a great look.

Vertical

Spiral or vertical “chemistry” is the best option for a long and thick braid that cannot be twisted horizontally. In this case, the bobbins are placed vertically (from the root to the ends), and the strand is twisted in a spiral. A few words about curlers! For the procedure, you need long cone-shaped bobbins with holes through which the strands are pulled. Ideally, they should be made of plastic or wood. This shape allows you to curl the curl evenly.

The effect of wet hair looks great on a vertical curl. It is also convenient because the growing roots can be easily curled. The composition can be anything - it depends on how long you want to wear your new hairstyle. In addition, the health of the strands depends on the drug. After the procedure, they will either be weak and dull, or shiny and vibrant.

Electric curling

It can only be used on healthy hair and only in trusted salons. First, the strands are moistened, then twisted onto bobbins and connected to the device (exposure time and temperature are regulated). The result of the procedure will be beautiful light curls.

Who should not have chemistry?

Perm is prohibited in the following cases:

• Pregnancy;
• Lactation;
• Very dry, thin and damaged hair;
• Tendency to allergies (first you need to do an allergy test);
• Pre-staining with basma or henna;
• Acute illness;
• Taking medications.

Hair care after chemotherapy

After perm, hair needs care. To do this, follow a few simple rules.

• Rule 1. To wash your hair, you will need a special shampoo for curled hair.
• Rule 2. Moisturize your hair with special masks. They should contain panthenol, collagen, silk proteins or keratins.
• Rule 3. As a home remedy, you can safely use an infusion of rye bread crusts (pour 1 liter of boiling water over 300 grams of bread and leave in a thermos for 5 hours), nettle or hops. A variety of oils (almond, peach, burdock) may also be useful. They need to be slightly warmed up.
• Rule 4. Take fish oil.
• Rule 5. Trim your ends regularly and lubricate them with a special cream.
• Rule 6. Comb with a wide-toothed comb - it will not injure the strands.
• Rule 7. For several days after curling, do not wash your hair and heat-treat the strands.
• Rule 8. Protect your hair from hot sun rays.
• Rule 9. Do not twist washed hair, but lightly blot it.
• Rule 10. Don't sleep with wet hair.

Perming your hair is the best option to radically change your appearance and make your curls as voluminous as possible.

Preparing for hair curling

To ensure everything goes safely, the strands should be carefully prepared. The preparation process consists of 10 main actions.

1. Initially, you should familiarize yourself with the structure of the hair. Understand how elastic it is, how dense and durable it is. This is done with the aim of selecting a specific type of curl.
2. If your curls are thick, you should use the strongest possible hold, because otherwise, curling them will simply be impossible.
3. If the strands are thin and quite sparse, then curling them will be easy. It is worth using a weak remedy.
4. Curls that are not prone to elasticity tend to stretch greatly after curling, and cannot return to the reverse position. So you will need to abstain from chemistry in this case.
5. It is also not recommended to curl excessively dry hair, because it will become even more brittle and torn.
6. At the second stage, it is necessary to analyze the condition of the scalp. If there are injuries or wounds on the skin, or a skin disease, then perming will also become clearly unnecessary.
7. Next, we conduct a test to determine how sensitive the scalp is. To carry out the test correctly, you need to wet a cotton swab with hair curling agent and wipe it over part of the strands above the ear. After 10 minutes, pay attention to whether the skin turns red, whether a rash or irritation appears on it, after which you can safely begin the procedure. If any troubles occur, quickly rub the skin thoroughly with peroxide. Such a sign will indicate that you are prohibited from having a perm.
8. Curls are checked for fixation. This is necessary to understand how much of the substance you will use. Grab a hair, wet it with the product and hold it there for several minutes. See how strong the hair is, whether it breaks when pulled. If its strength has not decreased, you can begin curling. And if the strand is like tow and comes off easily, the concentration of the product should not be so strong.
9. Wash your hair. The shampoo will help loosen the scales, as a result of which the result will be much better.
10. Cut your locks. This can be done both before and after the procedure. This way you can make the ends look fresher and give your hair the proper shape.

Types of curling curls

Modern types of curling may differ in the chemicals that are applied to the curls

Neutral perm

This type of chemistry is universal because absolutely everyone can do it. With elastic and strong hair, the perm will last from 3 months to six months. The structure of the hair also has a bearing on how long the chemical will last.

Acidic

Fixation, which is based on thioglycolic acid, penetrates deep into the curl, but its structure does not deteriorate, since the fixative is not too harmful. As a result, you will be able to see very coarse hair - it will last in this state for about 30 days. If the strands are soft and thin, this option is pointless, since the hairstyle at the roots will become shapeless and stretched. The same applies to women who have overly sensitive skin and dry hair structure.

Alkaline

This type of chemistry involves the penetration of the fixative deep into the hair in order to open all the scales. It lasts longer, about 3 months. As a result, a woman gets bouncy curls that look natural. Unlike the previous one, this option is considered more gentle. But the chemicals will not last that long on a hard, heavy hair structure; after 30 days, the hairstyle will become shapeless. If we consider the pricing policy, then alkaline perm is cheaper than acid perm.

Amino acid

This fixative includes proteins and amino acids that heal and nourish curls. This type of curling does not harm the health of the hair. They look natural, but unfortunately it doesn't last very long. This curl is not suitable for long and coarse curls. The hair will become straight again because there will be too much pressure on it.

Biowave

It does not include any substances that could be too aggressive on the hair structure. They are replaced by other components that are as similar as possible to the curl molecule. This chemistry makes the hair shiny and lasts a long time.

Root perm

In order for the curls to become voluminous and the volume to be fixed for about a month or two (depending on how strong the fixative is), it is worth doing a root perm. In addition, this curl is suitable for girls whose curls have already been curled before, but in the industry.

Silk

This substance contains silk proteins. They provide care to the strands, having a good effect on their structure. Even if your hair is very damaged, you can still make it healthier. The curls last 6 months and are extremely soft. The cost is significantly higher than other perms.

American

Modern women are increasingly choosing this type of curling, because you are guaranteed large and elastic hair. This chemistry involves the use of large curlers. A striking example is Olivia Garden. The curlers are secured to each other with sharp teeth. They do not become kinky, thanks to which the girl is content with voluminous curls as a result.

Small or African

It is preferred by girls with sparse, thin hair. Often such chemistry is carried out on medium-length hair. But if you feel particularly brave, it's okay to take risks. Minor chemicals for a short haircut would certainly become risky. The curls will look like a ball, but what amazing volume awaits you! The only downside is that this kind of curl is not easy to care for, and if you let it go, you simply won’t be able to style your hair the way you want. To make such chemistry, you need to use small spirals or curlers. This procedure lasts about 5 hours and is done exclusively in hairdressing salons.

Japanese

Also known as protein-lipid. Compared to the African one, it will last longer and is much healthier for the hair. Due to its neutral ph, it is completely safe, dry hair becomes moderately moisturized. This chemistry makes it possible to make hair voluminous and elastic; it will remain in this position from 2 months to six months.

Carving

Long-term hair curling (light, gentle)

Suitable for short hair or medium length hair (no more than 25 centimeters). The strands should be sparse. The hair will become more voluminous, natural and soft. Visually, the hair seems voluminous at the roots, the image becomes fresher. Such a system is relevant only for the surface of the curl; it does not harm it in any way, unlike classical chemistry.

If the strands are characterized by excessive thickness, take large whooping coughs. Voluminous curls will make the look simply stunning.

Vertical

Also known as spiral. If you have a thick long braid, and it is impossible to curl it in a horizontal position, the vertical curling option will be the best. Here you need to place the bobbins vertically, starting from the roots to the very ends, and wind the curl in a spiral. Let's mention curlers. To make this type of chemistry, fit bobbins with cone-shaped holes through which the hair will then be pulled. Wooden or plastic bobbins are considered the highest quality. And due to the cone-shaped shape, the curl can be curled evenly.

Spiral chemistry can also imitate damp curls. Its convenience lies in the fact that the roots that grow can be tightened without any problems. The components can be anything. Everything is based on how long the woman plans to wear such a perm. In addition, the substance affects curls differently. At the end of the chemistry, the strands will fade and weaken, or, conversely, they will revive and begin to shine even brighter.

Electric curling

It is used only for those girls who can boast of full healthy curls, and is performed exclusively in professional beauty salons.

Initially, the hair is moistened, after which it is wound into whooping cough and connected to a special device (the procedure time and temperature can be adjusted as needed). As a result, you will be able to enjoy beautiful, weightless curls.

How to do a classic perm?

When is perm contraindicated?

Hair chemicals are prohibited if:

• The woman is pregnant.
• Nursing mother.
• The curls are overdried, too thin and unhealthy.
• The girl is prone to allergic reactions (initially it will be necessary to conduct an allergy test).
• Before curling, the hair was dyed with henna or basma.
• The girl is very sick with something and is taking medications.

If you want your strands to become healthier, be more careful when choosing the shampoos you use. You may be shocked, but in reality, about 96 percent of cosmetics contain chemicals that are extremely harmful to the human body.

The main components that can cause cancer are on the shampoo label, so always read what is written on the product. These chemicals penetrate the organs: the cardiovascular system, lungs, liver and kidneys, which is the worst thing in this case. They also contribute to the destruction of the hair structure, the hair becomes less elastic, begins to break, and the color becomes somewhat dull.

How to care for your hair after curling?

After chemistry, curls need care. For the best results, you will need to remember a few simple points.

1. From now on, your hair will need to be washed with special shampoos.
2. Moisturize your hair with masks containing collagen, panthenol, keratins and silk proteins.
3. You can also make a homemade remedy - a solution of rye bread crusts, nettles or hops. To do this, pour 300 grams of bread with 1 liter of boiled hot water and let it brew for five hours. Almond, peach and burdock oils will not be superfluous. They should be slightly warmed up.
4. Take fish oil capsules.
5. Trim the ends of your hair regularly and apply appropriate creams.
6. Use a wide-toothed comb to style to avoid damaging your hair.
7. For several days after chemistry, do not treat your curls with anything or wash them.
8. Try not to be in the sun for a long time.
9. Clean strands do not need to be twisted, just gently blotted.
10. Don't go to bed if your head is wet.

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For many hundreds of years, women have been changing their image as they please. And if earlier beautiful ladies had to sleep on curlers to create curls, now it is enough to contact a good hairdresser or even carry out a procedure yourself that will delight you with a long-lasting effect. There are many varieties of long-term perm, you can choose it for any hair, and now less traumatic compounds are used than 10 years ago.

When choosing a method, it is important to decide on the desired effect: root volume, vertical curls, small curls or light waves.

There are several types of perms, depending on the composition used. They all have different effects in terms of duration and type of curls.

• For several years now the most popular method has been acid perm. The main component in the composition is glyceryl monothioglycolate with an acidity level of 6.9 - 7.2. Women fell in love with it for its long-lasting effect (up to six months). The composition penetrates deep into the hair under the influence of high temperature through its cuticle, without lifting the scales. In order for the curls to turn out strong and pronounced, the strands must be well stretched on the curlers, otherwise the curls will turn out weak and uneven in shape. Acid perm is not recommended for dry, brittle, damaged or sensitive scalps. The acid in the curling product can cause additional dryness and flaking.
  
• Alkaline perm has a neutrality level of pH 8 – 9.5. It is not as persistent as acidic. The effect lasts only 3 months, and on heavy, thick hair - about 1.5 months - it unwinds under its own weight. This perm is recommended for use for unruly hair or if the previous perm was weak. The main component of the alkaline perm preparation is ammonium thioglycolate, it opens the hair scales and penetrates inside, changing its structure. The result is a cool natural curl. The procedure takes less time than acid perm, plus it is less traumatic for hair health due to the lack of thermal effects. It is very important to observe the required exposure time of the composition and not exceed it, so as not to harm the hair. The curler must be able to work with the chemical composition to prevent damage to the hair structure and chemical burns to the scalp. Under the influence of alkali, the hair becomes larger in volume, so it must be curled, but not overdo it. Too much tension can lead to uneven distribution of the compound and, as a result, damage.
  
• Neutral perm has an acidity level of pH – 7.4. The result is structured natural curls, but less pronounced than the previous two curling methods. The composition takes into account the distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones of the hair, balancing their balance. This method of long-lasting curling is best used for soft, light and thin hair - it is safer than acid and alkaline chemicals.
  
• Amino acid perm– one of the safest methods of long-term styling. The styling composition includes amino acids and proteins, as well as the active substance cysteamine, which has a healing effect on the hair structure. Due to its composition rich in amino acids, this perm has a restorative function and minimizes the harmful effects of chemicals. After the procedure, the hair shines and shines, looks healthier and smoother. It is best used on soft, thin, light hair; the curl on it can last up to six months.
• Perm with silk proteins, or silk perm stays on hair for up to 2 months. The main component of the drug is silk proteins, known for their positive effect on brittle, dry and colored hair. Silk wave curling is recommended for short and medium length hair.
  
• Perm with thioglycolic acid is not very durable. The effect after the procedure lasts only a month, but this is one of the most delicate methods of long-term styling. It is acceptable to use it even on colored and thin hair.
• . This is a relatively new curling method and is considered the most gentle on hair. Ammonia, thioglycolic acid and replaced with a special composition that contains components similar to hair molecules. This styling gives long-lasting, natural curls, while the hair retains a healthy and beautiful shine. Bio-curling lasts quite a long time - 3 - 6 months, and the effect on curly hair can last up to 9 months. Biowave is carried out in three stages:

1. The hair is wrapped in curlers of different sizes, a protein-rich composition is applied for curling;
2. The following drug, when applied, affects the protein, causing it to thicken;
3. At this stage, a special product restores the acid-base balance and the curls are fixed. looks natural, recommended for normal and. For thin, bleached and hair prone to hair loss, such long-term styling is not recommended. Bio-curling should be entrusted to an experienced professional, since the result depends on the specialist’s ability to carry out the curling and the quality of the compositions used.

Types of perm depending on the method of curling

The shape of the curls depends not only on the chosen perm preparation, but also on the method of doing this hair curling. The stylist chooses a method for curling curls, focusing not only on the client’s wishes, but also on the structure of his hair, its condition, his face shape and figure.

• American way of curling It is carried out on hair no shorter than the shoulders, because large curlers are used. Due to this, creases do not form, and with natural hair growth, the border between curled and regrown strands will be invisible. This type of curls is suitable for those with large facial features; the curls will beautifully highlight the beauty of the face, softening the image. The curls look very natural and are defined and textured.
  
• Vertical curl Use only for long hair. It adds volume and thickness to the hair and looks very romantic and elegant. To create this hairstyle, long spiral curlers are required. The hair is wound from roots to ends, with the bobbin itself positioned perpendicular to the plane of the head. Vertical curling looks very impressive and fresh, but has one important drawback - as the hair grows, the border between the regrown and curled hair will be clearly visible.
  
• Horizontal perm Suitable for hair of any length. The curlers are placed horizontally in relation to the plane of the head, and are wound in the direction from the ends of the hair up to the roots.
• Double wrap It is used only on long and very long hair, using curlers of different sizes: smaller at the roots, larger along the length. At the same time, they should be wound towards each other for a uniform result.
  
• Perfect for those with thin and soft hair curling hair ends. It can also be used for girls with a cascading haircut. This long-lasting styling will emphasize the structure of the hairstyle and make the lower part of the face a little fuller. So this type of curl is ideal for those with a triangular face shape. Hair will look well-groomed and neat even as hair grows.
  
• Root perm used to add volume. Most often used on short haircuts, but there are no restrictions; if you think that your hair needs additional volume, then you can do this long-term styling for any hair length. Root perm is also used for hair regrowth if chemistry was previously carried out to erase the border between curled and straight hair.
  
• Trapezoidal twist adds volume along the length of the hair, excluding the root zone. Curling begins from the lower occipital part, bobbins are attached to the frame to maintain the trapezoid shape.
  
• French bubble method appeared thanks to the specialists of the brand. The main difference from other methods is that the curling composition is whipped into foam before application, which ensures active oxygen saturation and acceptable temperature conditions. As a result, the curls look natural, so this styling method is suitable even for men.
  

The price of a perm directly depends on the styling composition and its type, on the length and thickness of the hair.

What to look for when choosing a perm

The composition of the curling preparation and the method of curling the strands are very important, but what to look for when choosing a hairstyle in order to get the intended effect:

• Sensitivity. Neutral chemicals or suitable for those with sensitive scalps.
• Hair thickness. For thick and thick hair, it is easier to maintain a given shape, while thin, unruly hair is more demanding on the composition of the perm product.
• Hair condition. Damaged and brittle hair requires preliminary treatment.
• Face shape and body type. To create a harmonious image, it is necessary to take into account the features of appearance. For example, for a round face it is undesirable to use large curls, but for a triangular face curling the ends of the hair is suitable.